Low artificial anisotropy cellular automaton model and its applications to the cell-to-dendrite transition in directional solidification

The velocity of side branches (Vcd) as a function of k0. Green line: 8 Vc. Blue line: Vc/k0. Magenta line: Vc. Squares: 2D simulation results. Triangles (a) to (e): 3D simulation results.