ATP-ases of synaptic plasma membranes in striatum: Enzymatic systems for synapses functionality by in vivo administration of l-acetylcarnitine in relation to Parkinson's Disease

The maximum rate (Vmax) of some enzymatic activities related to energy consumption was evaluated in synaptic plasma membranes from rat brain striatum, the synaptic energy state being a crucial factor in neurodegenerative diseases etiopathogenesis. Two types of synaptic plasma membranes were isolated from rats subjected to in vivo treatment with l-acetylcarnitine at two different doses (30 and 60 mg × kg−1 i.p., 28 days, 5 days/week). The following enzyme activities were evaluated: acetylcholinesterase (AChE); Na+, K+, Mg2+-ATP-ase; ouabain insensitive Mg2+-ATP-ase; Na+, K+-ATP-ase; direct Mg2+-ATP-ase; Ca2+, Mg2+-ATP-ase; and low- and high-affinity Ca2+-ATP-ase. In control (vehicle-treated) animals, enzymatic activities are differently expressed in synaptic plasma membranes type I (SPM1) with respect to synaptic plasma membranes type II (SPM2), the evaluated enzymatic activities being higher in SPM2. Subchronic treatment with l-acetylcarnitine decreased AChE on SPM1 and SPM2 at the dose of 30 mg × kg−1. Pharmacological treatment decreased ouabain insensitive Mg2+-ATP-ase activity and high affinity Ca2+-ATP-ase activity at the doses of 30 and 60 mg × kg−1 respectively on SPM1, while it decreased Na+, K+-ATP-ase, direct Mg2+-ATP-ase and Ca2+, Mg2+-ATP-ase activities at the dose of 30 mg × kg−1 on SPM2. These results suggest that the sensitivity to drug treatment is different between these two populations of synaptic plasma membranes from the striatum, confirming the micro-heterogeneity of these subfractions, possessing different metabolic machinery with respect to energy consumption and utilization and the regional selective effect of l-acetylcarnitine on cerebral tissue, depending on the considered area. The drug potential effect at the synaptic level in Parkinson's Disease neuroprotection is also discussed with respect to acetylcholine and energy metabolism.