Thermal performance of nanofluids in metal foam tube: Thermal dispersion model incorporating heterogeneous distribution of nanoparticles

- Thermal performance of the nanofluid have been evaluated in metal foam tube.
- Thermal dispersion model with heterogeneous concentration distribution is employed.
- Thermal dispersion approach results are compared with the experimental data.
- Concentration, velocity, and temperature profiles are obtained.
- The Nusselt number of nanofluid in metal foam tube has been evaluated.

This study presents the application of a modified single-phase method by thermal dispersion model incorporating heterogeneous distribution of nanoparticle concentration for evaluating thermal performance of a nanofluid in a circular porous metal foam tube. Numerical approach was conducted for Re = 200-1000, mean concentration of 0.5-2%, and metal foam porosity of 0.7-0.9. It is observed that the predicted data by application of the thermal dispersion approach are in satisfactory agreement with those obtained experimentally, whereas applying the general homogeneous model results in an underestimation. The results reveal that the heterogeneity of the concentration distribution is directly proportional to nanoparticle mean concentration, Reynolds number, and the metal foam porosity. The velocity and temperature profiles at a cross section have been found to be flatter in dispersion model compared to those obtained from the homogeneous model. Furthermore, it is achieved that the Nusselt number varies directly relative to mean concentration and Reynolds number, whereas it inversely alters relative to the porosity. This reduction is found to be more profound at lower porosities.

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