A stability condition for turbulence model: From EMMS model to EMMS-based turbulence model

- An EMMS-based meso-scale turbulence model was proposed.
- The stability condition was successfully applied for the closure of turbulence model.
- Structure of turbulent flow was separated by two-phase concept of turbulence.
- Energy dissipation was quantified with drop/bubble breakup model in turbulent dispersions.
- Accurate simulation of turbulent flows on the coarse grid was achieved.