Challenges for eco-design of emerging technologies: The case of electronic textiles

• Recent innovations of electronic textiles and their end-of-life impacts are reviewed.
• The properties of e-textiles are examined against Design for Recycling (DfR) principles.
• Eco-design strategies for sustainable product development are discussed.
• Compatibility standards for e-textiles are proposed as a waste prevention strategy.
• Labelling of e-textiles is suggested as a measure to facilitate recycling.

The combination of textile and electronic technologies results in new challenges for sustainable product design. Electronic textiles (e-textiles) feature a seamless integration of textiles with electronics and other high-tech materials. Such products may, if they become mass consumer applications, result in a new kind of waste that could be difficult to recycle. The ongoing innovation process of e-textiles holds opportunities to prevent future end-of-life impacts. Implementing eco-design in the technological development process can help to minimise future waste. However, the existing Design for Recycling (DfR) principles for textiles or electronics do not match with the properties of the combined products. This article examines possibilities to advance eco-design of a converging technology. DfR strategies for e-textiles are discussed from the background of contemporary innovation trends. Three waste preventative eco-design approaches for e-textiles are discussed: 1 harnessing the inherent advantages of smart materials for sustainable design; 2 establishing open compatibility standards; 3 labelling the e-textiles to facilitate their recycling. It is argued that life-cycle thinking needs to be implemented concurrent to the technological development process.