An yttrium-sensitized luminescence system and its application for the determination of trace chlorophacinone in serum

Chlorophacinone (CPN) is an extensively used anticoagulant rodenticide in China. A simple, rapid, and sensitive method is necessary for the determination of CPN in clinical emergency rescue. In this study, a novel fluorimetric method for the determination of CPN in human serum was developed. This proposed method is based on luminescence produced by a formation of a ternary CPN-europium-dl-histidine complex system. The fluorescence intensity was enhanced by adding yttrium and polyvinylpyrrolidone colloid-type suspension at pH 9.0. All of the important methodological achievements, such as working wavelengths, pH for optimal yttrium fluorescence enhancement, and the method recovery, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and relative standard deviation together with its linearity range, are discussed in detail. The developed method was successful in the determination of CPN in actual human serum in both clinical and forensic specimens. In comparison with the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method, this method is fast, simple, and less expensive.