Emergence of governance in cross-border destinations

• We aim at understanding how cross-border tourism governance structures emerge.
• Five main categories of factors were identified as relevant in the process.
• These are: institutional; bridging actors; leadership; relationships; serendipity.
• A conceptual framework for cross-border destination making is proposed.
• Interesting insights for stakeholders in cross-border destinations are discussed.

This paper seeks to describe the processes through which cross-border tourism networks emerge and to identify the main elements that foster the consolidation of shared tourism governance structures. The case study analyses a process that initiates and solidifies cross-border structures in the Cerdanya Valley – Catalan Pyrenees region through a thick description of their evolution. Major findings include five main categories of factors influencing emergence processes of cross-border destination making: institutional similarity, bridging actors, leadership and entrepreneurial capacities, close relationships, and serendipity. Insights for managers and stakeholders involved in cross-border destination development and management are provided in the discussion.