Biological targeting and innovative therapeutic interventions with phage-displayed peptides and structured nucleic acids (aptamers)

► Phage display and cell-SELEX are prominent methodologies for ligand identification. ► Generated ligands are peptides and aptamers, respectively. ► These ligands are used for targeting in an unbiased biological context. ► Endothelial, cancer and stem cells are among the key targets. ► Innovative biological targeting and therapeutic interventions are discussed.