Immuno-imaging using nanobodies

► In this manuscript we review the application of nanobodies for molecular imaging. ► Nanobodies show rapid molecular targeting with fast clearance of unbound probe in vivo.► The pharmacokinetic profile of nanobodies is compatible with the use of short-lived radioisotopes for imaging with positron emission tomography. ► Nanobodies generate specific contrast at target sites within the first hour after intravenous injection. ► Nanobodies behave as magic bullets for molecular imaging of cell membrane antigens in vivo.