Effects of ethanol-blended gasoline on emissions of regulated air pollutants and carbonyls from motorcycles

► Using E3 as fuel reduces the emission of CO by 20.0%. ► The emission of acetaldehyde is significantly increased by 40.9% using E3 as fuel. ► Using E3 does not increase the emissions of regulated air pollutants and CO2. ► Using E3 does not increase ∑15 carbonyls emission from motorcycles after long-term driving.