Energy-aware software: Challenges, opportunities and strategies

► We make the case of the need for energy efficient systems. ► We illustrate a variety of methods for decreasing energy consumption. ► We identify the tools, benchmarks and metrics required as building blocks to allow energy-aware software. ► We show through evaluation of a NAS benchmark the impact compilers, chip frequency, and number of threads have on the energy consumption of a multithreaded code. ► We note the requirement for standards as articulated in the Exascale Software Roadmap and identify the difficulties in meeting those requirements.