Simulation of pulmonary ventilation and its control by negative feedback

Bronchoconstriction in 100% of the lung results in a decrease in tidal volume. If homeostasis is active this decrease is compensated by an increase in the inspiratory effort. However, if bronchoconstriction occurs only in 50% of the lung, inspiratory effort is greatly changed through inter-alveolar elastic interactions, giving rise to the so-called pendelluft.