Driver performance while text messaging using handheld and in-vehicle systems

▶ We tested drivers' ability to text message using handheld phones and an in-vehicle texting system. ▶ Younger and older drivers sent and received text messages while driving on a closed road course. ▶ The vehicle system read incoming texts with TTS but required visual selection for sending messages. ▶ Handheld texting exhibited degraded steering and eyeglance measures and higher mental demand. ▶ Using the in-vehicle system showed performance at baseline for receiving but not for sending.