Solvent dependence of the molecular order in ion-exchanged self-assembled dialkylammonium monolayers on mica studied with soft X-ray absorption

Dialkyldimethylammonium films on mica prepared via ion exchange from solution have been reported to be of high quality in terms of their density and molecular orientation. Different preparation procedures are described in the literature. The molecular order and the inclination of the alkyl chains, however, are often deduced from indirect experimental evidence such as the wettability and the film thickness. In the present study we employed near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) to determine directly the order of the molecules adsorbed from different solvents (water, methanol, water/methanol 1:1, cyclohexanol, and chloroform). It was found that films prepared from different solvents are displaying large differences in the established surface coverage and orientation. In particular, NEXAFS disclosed that the orientation of the alkyl chains can differ significantly even when similar water contact angle values are observed.