Adsorption of As(III) from aqueous solutions by iron oxide-coated sand

Arsenic is a toxic element and may be found in natural waters as well as in industrial waters. Leaching of arsenic from industrial wastewater into groundwater may cause significant contamination, which requires proper treatment before its use as drinking water. The present study describes removal of arsenic(III) on iron oxide-coated sand in batch studies conducted as a function of pH, time, initial arsenic concentration, and adsorbent dosage. The results were compared with those for uncoated sand. The adsorption data fitted well in the Langmuir model at different initial concentration of As(III) at 20 g/l fixed adsorbent dose. Maximum adsorption of As(III) for coated sand is found to be much higher (28.57 μg/g) than that for uncoated sand (5.63 μg/g) at pH 7.5 in 2 h. The maximum As(III) removal efficiency achieved is 99% for coated sand at an adsorbent dose of 20 g/l with initial As(III) concentration of 100 μg/l in batch studies. Column studies have also been carried out with 400 μg/l arsenic (pH 7.5) by varying the contact time, filtration rate, and bed depth. Results of column studies demonstrated that at a filtration rate of 4 ml/min the maximum removal of As(III) observed was 94% for coated sand in a contact time of 2 h. The results observed in batch and column studies indicate that iron oxide-coated sand is a suitable adsorbent for reducing As(III) concentration to the limit (50 μg/l) recommended by Indian Standards for Drinking Water.