Assessment of sustainable energy potential of non-plantation biomass resources in Thailand

This paper assesses the sustainable energy potential of the following biomass resources in Thailand: (i) agricultural residues, (ii) animal manure, (iii) fuelwood saving potential through improvement of efficiency, (iv) fuelwood saving potential through substitution by other fuels, (v) municipal solid wastes, and (vi) wastewater. The potential of each source is estimated for the base year 1997 and for the years 2005 and 2010. The total energy potential of these sources in 1997, 2005 and 2010 is 525, 702 and 821 PJ, respectively; the total potential is estimated to be about 16% and 14% of the projected total energy consumption in 2005 and 2010, respectively.