Construction and analytical applications of a palm-sized microcontroller-based amperometric analyzer

The design and development of a palm-sized (9 cm × 11 cm × 3 cm), cost-effective, microcontroller-operated analyzer for direct amperometric measurements is described. The low-power-consumption electronics used allow 8 h of autonomous operation with a 9 V battery (110 mAh), making thus this unit suitable for in-field measurements. Its operation is based mainly on the simple two-electrode potentiostatic mode, although the three-electrode mode is an option. The use of a microcontroller combined with analog and digital supporting circuits allows: (i) generation of the applied potential and the acquisition of analog signals with a gain auto-scaling capability; (ii) interaction with the operator for setting the measurement parameters; (iii) processing of data and displaying result on an LCD screen. Numerical data are automatically stored in memory and they can be retrieved by a personal computer through an RS232 port, either for creating measurements archives or for advanced processing. For this purpose, a program has been developed (on the LabVIEW platform) to provide a user-friendly graphical interface. The utility of this amperometric analyzer was assessed by performing experiments for the determination of ascorbic acid in standard solutions and pharmaceutical tablets.