Lead ion-selective electrode prepared by sol-gel and PVC membrane techniques

The sol-gel and CWISE exhibited linear response with Nernstian slope of 29.1 and 28.9 mV/decade, respectively, within the concentration ranges of 5.0 × 10−6 to 1.0 × 10−1 mol L−1 lead ion for sol-gel and coated. The sol-gel and CWISE has shown detection limits of 3.0 × 10−6 and 5.0 × 10−6 M, respectively. The electrodes exhibited good selectivities over a number of alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions. Those sensors yielded steady potential within 10-20 s at linear dynamic range. The electrodes are suitable for use in aqueous solutions in a wide pH range of 4.0-8.2. Applications of those electrodes for determination of lead in real samples and as indicator electrode for potentiometric titration of Pb2+ ion using K2CrO4 are reported.