Substitutes for leadership, or not

In this exchange of theoretical letters, Dionne and Yammarino and Howell and Villa revisit the relevance and usefulness of the substitutes for leadership construct. Dionne and Yammarino focus on the importance of leadership and problems with the substitutes concept, operationalization, and tests. Howell endorses and clarifies the notion of substitutes for leadership as currently conceptualized and tested. As such, Dionne and Yammarino and Howell and Villa agree that the substitutes for leadership construct requires further development.