Construction and demolition waste generation and management in Lisbon (Portugal)

The management of construction and demolition waste (CDW) is essential in the formation, growth and renovation of urban areas. This paper presents part of a study on CDW generation and management in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA). CDW generation was estimated for 2006 and 2007 based on construction activity and waste load movements. The results revealed that in the municipality of Lisbon, remodeling construction activity prevailed, with CDW generation indicators of 954 t/day and a per capita rate of 0.60 t/year. Both values are above the average for the LMA and its two sub-regions (Greater Lisbon and the Setúbal Peninsula). The installed infrastructure for CDW management identified in the LMA is situated within a maximum distance of about 23 km from the geometric center of the city of Lisbon. Despite the fact these locations favor the municipality of Lisbon, the occurrence of illegal dumps is still a reality. A notable effort towards environmental education addressing CDW management is under way so as to make involved citizens aware of the recent CDW legislation, Decree-Law Nr. 46/2008, as well as of the problems arising from scenarios of environmental degradation and uncontrolled use of natural resources in the civil construction sector. Policies are outlined aiming to move towards the more judicious management of CDW.