Energy metabolism and nutrient oxidation in young pigs and rats during feeding, starvation and re-feeding

The investigation included individual measurements of energy metabolism and oxidation of nutrients in 12 castrated male pigs (Sus scrofa) (20-40 kg) and 12 male rats (Rattus norvegicus) (65-105 g). Measurements were carried out in 5-6 days balance periods with ad libitum feeding, followed by 3-4 days of starvation and 4 days of re-feeding. O2 consumption and CO2 production were measured by open-air-circuit respiration units. In the feeding period, protein retention in relation to metabolic live mass (kg0.75) was identical for pigs and rats, while there was a tendency of a higher fat retention in pigs than in rats. A substantial part of digested carbohydrate was not oxidized, but transferred to fat metabolism without significant differences (P>0.05) between pigs and rats (18% vs. 22%). During starvation, nitrogen excretion in urine decreased to 226 mg/kg0.75 in pigs and to 429 mg/kg0.75 in rats, indicating a lower rate of body protein degradation in pigs. Heat production was reduced to 592 and 338 kJ/kg0.75, while the contribution of heat from oxidation of protein (OXP), carbohydrate (OXCHO) and fat (OXF) showed the same pattern for pigs and rats during all periods. Heat production during feeding and re-feeding was covered by OXP+OXCHO with no OXF and reversibly after 2 days of starvation by OXP+OXF with no OXCHO. The rat may be a suitable model for pigs regarding general patterns of quantitative nutrient partition, but any direct application of results measured with rats to pigs shall be taken cautiously, keeping in mind that modern pigs have been selected for a high growth rate and protein deposition which has not been the case for the laboratory rat.