New insights and perspectives on intrarenal renin-angiotensin system: Focus on intracrine/intracellular angiotensin II

► The renin-angiotensin system is now evolving as an endocrine, paracrine and intracrine system. ► The renin/ACE/Ang II/AT1 receptor axis is the most recognized cascade of the entire system. ► The prorenin/(Pro)renin receptor/MAP kinases ERK 1/2 axis is activated in diseased states. ► The ACE2/Ang (1-7) Mas receptor axis opposes the effects induced by Ang II via AT1 receptors.