Analysis on Cost of Urban Rail Transit

Nowadays, urban rail transit has been the most effective solution to the traffic congestion because of its fast, efficient, safe, energy saving and environmental protecting characteristics. However, the high cost of rail projects and the operation maintenance, together with the social problems brought by the urban rail transit such as noise pollution, traffic accidents and air pollution have become the “bottleneck” of its healthy development. This paper systematically analyzes the internal and the external costs of Beijing Subway Line 4 as an example. Based on the value chain theory, the internal cost is divided into preliminary planning and designing cost, constructing cost and operating cost. On the other hand, the external cost is classified into the cost of air pollution, traffic accident and noise pollution. The external cost is quantified, incorporated into the total cost of rail transportation as well. This research provides the basis for the government to formulate the fare by accurate calculation of the total cost of urban rail transit. Moreover, this research promotes the sustainable development of economic resources, social resources and environmental resources.

摘要现今，城市轨道交通以其安全舒适、快捷高效、节能环保等优点，成为解决城市交通拥挤问题最有效的途径之一。但是轨道交通项目成本造价高，运营维护费用贵，以及运行带来的诸如噪声污染与电磁干扰等社会问题，成为制约轨道交通健康发展的“瓶颈”。本文以北京市地铁4号线为例，系统地分析研究了城市轨道交通的内部成本和外部成本。依据价值链理论，把内部成本细化为前期规划设计成本、建设成本和运营成本；把外部成本分为空气污染、交通事故和噪声污染三个方面，并且将外部成本定量化。该研究有助于准确计算出城市轨道交通的总成本，为政府制定票价提供依据；同时使城市轨道交通满足经济资源、社会资源和环境资源的可持续发展。