Class of Comprehensive Optimization of Congested Road-Use Pricing and Parking Pricing

Congested road-use pricing and parking pricing are two solutions to traffic congestions. Supposing congested road-use fee toll-gates and P&R (Park and Ride) systems are built at the vehicle passageways on the boundary of city central areas, when the private car travelers who want to enter city central area arrive at the vehicle passageways by car, they have two trip modes to choose: one is to pay the congested road-use fee to keep driving to city central areas; the other is to park first and then transfer to public traffic for city central areas. Through setting reasonable congested road-use pricing and parking pricing of P&R system, more private car travelers will be attracted by P&R trip mode, which will result in the reduction of cars entering city central areas and the relief of traffic congestions. Aiming at the above two trip modes, a combined trip network was designed, and the trip mode choice model based on Logit was established. Based on the above work, considering maximizing total user benefit (TUB) as upper planning objective and the user equilibrium model based on combined trip network under elastic demand as lower planning, the bi-level planning of congested road-use pricing and parking pricing was developed, and the heuristic solution algorithm to this bi-level planning was designed. It indicates that this bi-level planning is reasonable and its solution algorithm is efficient through a numerical example.