Culture techniques for soil dwelling earthworms: A review

Developments in ecotoxicology and soil restoration have led to an increase in earthworm research over the past 20 years. Rearing of earthworms under laboratory conditions has therefore become desirable, but perceived difficulties have beset this practice. A review of recent research on the development of earthworm culture techniques for temperate, soil dwelling (anecic and endogeic) species is presented. Critical abiotic and biotic factors including soil moisture, organic matter, temperature, pH, earthworm density and species composition are considered, and optimal values provided for four species (Allolobophora chlorotica, Aporrectodea caliginosa, Aporrectodea longa and Lumbricus terrestris). Published figures relating to growth to maturity, cocoon production and cocoon viability, for these frequently studied species are collated and advice offered for culture of other soil dwelling species.