Tityus zulianus venom induces massive catecholamine release from PC12 cells and in a mouse envenomation model

► We simulated in mice, catecholamine rise of Tityus zulianus (TZ)-envenomed patients. ► TZ venom increased in 4000%, the plasma catecholamine (Epinephrine) levels in mice. ► Plasma levels of MHPG (main Epi-catabolite) were also increased in TZ-envenomed mice. ► TZ venom potentiated the dopamine release from PC12 cells (PC12) by carbamylcholine. ► Dopamine release by TZ at PC12 is hexamethonium-insensitive suggesting novel toxins.