Human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic myeloid leukemia

CML (chronic myeloid leukaemia) in association with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection (HIV-CML) is rarely described and is likely to be coincidental. The natural history and behaviour of HIV-CML is different, being more atypical and aggressive. Both conditions, and their respective treatments may cause myelosuppression. Concurrent treatment with cART (combination antiretroviral therapy) and the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI's) can result in appropriate control of CML and HIV infection, as well as long term survival. However, drug interactions between ARV's and TKI's may require adjustment of treatment.