Increased MLL gene rearrangements in amniocytes from fetuses of mothers who smoke

We assess the possible genotoxic effect of maternal smoking on amniotic fluid cells, based on the presence of an increasing of structural abnormality of the 11q23 band bearing the MLL gene rearrangements. In this observational and prospective study cultured amniocytes were obtained from 20 control and 20 women who smoke (>10 cigarettes/day for >10 years and during pregnancy). We performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis in amniocytes. Comparison of FISH data between smoker and control groups showed statistical significance for the MLL gene rearrangements. Epidemiologic studies, including a large series of patients, will be needed to determine whether the offspring of parents who smoke have an increased lifetime risk of leukemia.