Ph-Chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia with associated bone marrow mastocytosis

The concurrent development of chronic myeloid (CML) or myelomonocytic (CMML) leukemia in patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a well recognized phenomenon. Although the leukemia often resembles CML in morphological and in clinical terms, a Ph-Chromosome-positive variant has not been reported in SM so far. We here describe a 43-year-old female patient with typical Ph-Chromosome-positive CML in whom a co-existing bone marrow mastocytosis, a special subvariant of SM, was diagnosed. RT-PCR analysis revealed the typical p210 kDa form of BCR/ABL in leukemic cells. The diagnosis SM was based on the typical focal aggregates of spindle-shaped mast cells (MC) in the bone marrow, expression of CD25 in MC, and the c-kit mutation D816V, which was detectable in microdissected bone marrow MC, but not in microdissected leukemic cells, suggesting the presence of two different (sub)clones of neoplastic cells. Therapy with the BCR/ABL-targeting drug Imatinib (STI571) resulted in complete cytogenetic remission of CML. Together, our case provides further evidence for the biologic diversity of leukemias that may occur in patients with SM. The exact knowledge of the pathology and target-profile of the associated leukemias in SM have important therapeutic implications.