A rare case of self-incompatibility in arctic plants: Draba palanderiana (Brassicaceae)

During the last decades, it has been shown that arctic plants show larger variation in reproductive strategies than traditionally assumed. Obligate outcrossing based on a self-incompatibility system is, however, very rare in the typically harsh, insect-poor arctic environment. Here we present the second, to our knowledge, documented example of a fully self-incompatible arctic species, Draba palanderiana Kjellm. Because of its large, scented flowers and frequently aborted fruits it has been suggested that this species is strictly outcrossing. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a pollination experiment with two populations from arctic North America. Pollen stainabilities were above 80% in most plants. Full female and male fertility was demonstrated by crosses resulting in fertile F1 offspring. In contrast, no viable seeds were obtained after spontaneous or hand-facilitated selfing, demonstrating that these D. palanderiana populations are fully self-incompatible and thus obligately outcrossing.