How are laser attacks encountered in commercial aviation? A hazard analysis based on systems theory

Laser attacks in commercial aviation have become headline news worldwide and the frequency of incidents has increased. A review of the research regarding lasers in commercial aviation shows the need for a systematic analysis. By applying a hazard analysis of system theory (both STAMP and STPA) to a practical example it is possible to identify countermeasures and their current state of elaboration. Furthermore, this research considered the concept of reduced-crew operations, and the possible effects of laser strikes. Whereas the pilot operational procedures are established, the legislation lags behind for some nation states. Detection and prevention of lasers operating in the same area as aircraft is critical reduction of attacks.