Персонализм литературной антропологии Михаила Бахтина. От феноменологической эстетики к поэтике прозы

The study aims to reconstruct Mikhail Bakhtinʼs literary approach in the twofold light of his language concept as well as his philosophical writings. It presents his way as a thinker from his Neo-Kantianism through phenomenological aesthetics to the concept of personalism accomplished in his major dialogue theory. The author discusses in detail Bakhtinʼs early intonation theory and its role in the shaping of the original concept of speech genres and prose poetics, with a particular emphasis on the role of the “philosophy of the act” in the genesis of the concept of discourse. Such base categories are re-considered as the “act-centre”, “the incidence of existence”, “architectonics”, “intonational metaphor”, the “two-voice word”, “internal word”. Moreover, special attention is paid to Bakhtinʼs debate with György Lukács on the novel as well as to the links to Max Scheler in relation with philosophical personalism.