The Formation of an E-portfolio Indicator for Malaysia Skills Certificate: A Modified Delphi Survey

The use of e-Portfolios over paper-based portfolio which provide a more effective means of information storage has become very popular nowadays. However, assessment indicators for e-Portfolios can vary according to a particular educational system. This also implies for the field of Technical Vocational Education Training (TVET). For TVET in Malaysia, students would undergo a technical competence certification called the Malaysian Skills Certification Malaysia (MSCM), established by the National Occupational Skill Standard (NOSS). This certification ensures that TVET students achieve certain competency standards in their area of specification upon graduation. These students are acquired to create paper-based portfolios to demonstrate their knowledge and competence level. The problem is that current studies show that paper-based portfolios are problematic and e-Portfolios have the potential to address this problem. Nevertheless, recent studies show that there is a lack of an e-Portfolio indicator for TVET. In an attempt to address this problem, the study aims to investigate the factors and indicators of e-Portfolio in accordance to the standards of MSCM. A modified Delphi study was conducted with a panel of 11 experts who are competent and experienced in the use of portfolio and ICT in TVET. The study consisted of three Delphi rounds. In the first round, 17 indicators of a TVET e-Portfolio were identified via the literature. These elements were categorized into four main groups: (i) the recognition of prior achievements, (ii) virtual learning space, (iii) competency assessment, and (iv) operating system. In the second and third rounds, the elements from each previous round were assessed by the expert panel until a consensus was achieved. These findings were then analyzed using mean analysis and inter quartile range. The analysis indicated that the 17 indicators identified were important in assessment of TVET graduates. The new indicator for MSCM could be used to measure whether TVET students have achieved the level of knowledge and competency required by NOSS in order to be competent for the workplace.