Features of the Advancement of Science as an Integral Part of the National Innovation System in Modern Russia

The study explores current tendencies in science and innovation in Russia and gives an assessment of perspectives for optimization of the national innovation system. The paper reviews the main trends in the development of science and innovation in the modern world. A comparative analysis of the historical experience in science and innovation in Russia is made that reveals the dominating role of the state and the military character of the national innovation system. The evaluation of the current national innovation system shows the inclination of the Russian state to preserve the traditional system. Extrapolation of the results of the current policy, even to the near future, indicates further degradation of the national innovation system is likely. The findings of the study demonstrate the need to work out a strategy for development of the national innovation system in which the government will have to energize other parts of the innovation system, such as private companies, entrepreneurs, and universities, and create an open and competitive environment with free access to resources for every participant to achieve the full potential of the national innovation system.