The Structure of Professional Deformation

The author analyzes various theoretical approaches to the structure of professional deformation and illustrates the absence of unanimous understanding of the structure of professional deformation within Russian or any other school of psychological thought. Different approaches to categorization of professional deformation's structure are described, among which are: a four-layer model of E.F. Zeer; an eight-symptoms model by A.K. Markova; a one-dimensional model by A. Pines/E. Aronson and A. Shirom; a two-dimensional model by D.V. Dierendonck/W. Schaufeli/H.J. Sixma; various three-dimensional models by B. Perlman and E. Hartman; C. Maslach and S. Jackson; B.A. Farber, and a four-dimensional model by G.N. Firth/A. Mims; and E.F. Iwanicki/R.L. Schwab.