TOD Best Practice: Lesson Learned for GHG Mitigation on Transportation Sector in Surabaya City, Indonesia

Surabaya is the second largest city in East Java, which shows the growth rate of vehicles is quite high. The transportation sector accounted for 5.48 million tons of carbon emissions per year, or about 96% of the total air emissions in the Surabaya City. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) mitigation in the transport sector is required to reduce the effects of climate change. Potential mitigation on transport sector is avoiding orreducing the distance travelled through integrated land use and transportation planning. TOD is the concept which integrates land use and transportation by creating area around the station or terminal more accessible with the use of transit modes or pedestrian/ bicycle. By TOD, development strategies of the area will encourage transit ridership and allow people to practice their activities without experiencing long transport distances. The experiences of TOD in Singapore, Portland, and Arlington shows there is significant effect of land use development around station to the use of transit modes and to reduce the distance travelled. Therefore, some of the lessons can be drawn to develop strategy of mitigation on transport sector in Surabaya by creating more attractive area around stations planned for monorail and tramway. Distance travelled can be reduced by mixed-uses development, high densities of housing and employment, pedestrian/bicycle-friendly network, park and ride design. Policy, institutional, and partnership supports are also needed to make TOD work in Surabaya.