Circular Economy and Environmental Efficiency–The Case of Traditional Hakka Living System

This short paper explores issues related with circular economy and the implication of it on environment. It is argued here that the economic model based upon traditional input/output efficiency may no longer be applicable in the age of global recession. Instead, an extended model of environmental efficiency should be more appropriate in this age. The paper also cites the conventional wisdom of Hakka living system as a good example that the approach of environmental efficiency is actually affordable and sustainable. This initial yet meaningful finding surely will shed new light on the research agenda of circular economy in the near future.