Integration of a speed-dependent emission model in dynamic traffic assignment: a large scale application to the Paris metropolitan area

It is a common practice, when interfacing a traffic assignment model with an average-speed emission model, to use link mean speeds instead of trip mean speeds. Using synthetic traffic data produced by a microscopic model, we show that both approaches do not capture well the effect of congestion on emissions. Instead, using the distributions of vehicle speeds - as opposed to a single average-speed value - can make an average-speed emission model behave consistently with a kinematic emission model. The main contribution of this paper is to show that simple, bimodal, speed distributions, can capture a significant part of the dynamic of congested traffic w.r.t. an average-speed emission model.