Exploration of a construct model linking leadership types, organization culture, employees performance and leadership performance

Leadership is an important management function helping to maximize efficiency and achieve organizational goals. Contemporary leadership theories concurred an organization to create an empowerment culture that improves the performance of workforce and leadership. Hence, the shortage of empirical studies impeded widespread acceptable leadership theories. This study conducted an empirical survey to explore a theoretical model which linked to various leadership types, organization cultures, employees and performance. There are 733 valid responses from various industries. The result presented significant differences between the employees’ perceived leadership types, organization cultures, leadership performance and firm's background. The confirmatory factor analysis to confirm and showed that the model with better acceptable model fitness between two proposed models (Model 1: χ2 = 6062.32, df = 1028, p = .000, RMESA = 0.082; Model 2: χ2 = 3782.92, df = 554, p = .000, RMSEA = 0.089). The findings broaden the focus of organizational leadership to illustrate the leadership-performance linkage is nuanced than prior studies.