کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
1131957 | 1488986 | 2013 | 14 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
• We incorporate the RIN system into the design of a complete biofuel supply chain.
• We address the independent decisions of all non-cooperative stakeholders.
• We study both perfectly competitive and monopoly biofuel production markets.
• We point out that a rigid mandate on blenders may depress biofuel production.
• We propose a unit-RIN-based penalty scheme to avoid the above unintended impact.
The Renewable Identification Number (RIN) system is a tracking mechanism that enforces the U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard by monitoring obligated parties’ compliance with the biofuel consumption mandates. This paper incorporates the RIN system into the design of a biofuel supply chain that addresses independent decisions of non-cooperative farmers, biofuel manufacturers, and blenders. Game-theoretic models are developed to examine the impacts of the RIN system on individual stakeholders’ decisions (e.g., on farmland use, bio-refinery investment, biofuel production) and the competition between food and biofuel industries, in both a perfectly competitive scenario and a monopoly scenario. For the perfectly competitive scenario, Nash equilibrium can be obtained by solving a convex optimization problem. For the monopoly scenario, a bi-level Stackelberg leader–follower model is developed, from which we found that a rigid mandate on blenders may suppress the total biofuel production. To avoid such unintended consequences, a relaxed unit-RIN based penalty scheme is proposed and shown to improve the overall biofuel supply chain performance. Managerial insights are drawn from a numerical case study for the state of Illinois.
Journal: Transportation Research Part B: Methodological - Volume 57, November 2013, Pages 158–171