On the impacts of bus stops near signalized intersections: Models of car and bus delays

• Developed analytical models for car, bus, and person delays at near-/far-side stops.
• Models are developed using kinematic wave theory and tested via simulation.
• We show that near-side stops have larger bus delays but smaller car delays.
• The car delays at near-side stops can be further reduced by a bus holding strategy.

Models are formulated to predict the added vehicle and person delays that can occur when a bus stop is located a short distance upstream or downstream of a signalized intersection. Included in the set of models are those that predict the expected delays that cars collectively incur when a bus blocks one of multiple lanes while loading and unloading passengers at the stop. Others in this set predict the expected added delays incurred by the bus due to car queues. Each model is consistent with the kinematic wave theory of highway traffic, as is confirmed through a battery of tests. And each accounts for the randomness in both, bus arrival times at a stop, and the durations that buses dwell there to serve passengers. Though the models are analytical in form, solutions come through iteration. Hence model applications are performed with the aid of a computer.The applications presented herein show that bus delays can often be shortened by placing the bus stop downstream of its neighboring signalized intersection, rather than upstream of it. In contrast, car delays are often shortened by placing the stop some distance upstream of the intersection, rather than downstream. We further show how exerting a measure of control on bus arrivals can further enhance these benefits to cars without further delaying the buses. The models are also used to assess the net person delays collectively incurred by car- and bus-travelers.