Linear complementarity formulation for single bottleneck model with heterogeneous commuters

This paper formulates the dynamic equilibrium conditions for a single bottleneck model with heterogeneous commuters as a linear complementarity problem. This novel formulation offers a formal framework for the rigorous study and solution of a single bottleneck model with general heterogeneity parameter assumptions, enabling the adoption of well established complementarity theory and methods to analyze the model, and providing a significant contribution to the existing literature that either lacks a rigorous formulation or solves the problem under a limited set of heterogeneity parameter assumptions. The paper presents theoretical proofs for solution existence and uniqueness, and numerical results and insights for different heterogeneity assumptions.