Confusion and clarification: Albert Einstein and Walther Nernst's Heat Theorem, 1911–1916

This paper discusses the early history of Walther Nernst's Heat Theorem and the first stages of its development into the Third Law of Thermodynamics. In addition to published papers, informal discussions were important in shaping the understanding of the meaning and validity of the Theorem. Special attention is given to the role of Albert Einstein in these discussions. As it turns out, Einstein played an important role in determining the limits of validity of the Heat Theorem.