High temporal coverage of carbon dioxide measurements in the Southern Bight of the North Sea

A monthly survey of the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) was carried in the Southern Bight of the North Sea (SBNS) from June 2003 to May 2004. The spatial variability of the surface distribution of the pCO2 was relatively small (within a range of 10–70 μatm) compared to the amplitude in the seasonal signal (∼ 260 μatm). On an annual scale, the pCO2 dynamics appeared to be controlled by biological processes (primary production in springtime and respiratory processes in summer), rather than temperature (in summer). The comparison with measurements carried out in 2001 and 2002 (13 cruises) shows that the inter-annual variability of pCO2 was close to the range of the spatial variability and mostly observed in spring, associated to biological processes (primary production). Net ecosystem production estimated from dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) temporal variations showed that the SBNS is autotrophic, at an annual rate of 6.3 mol C m− 2 yr− 1. The decoupling in time between autotrophy in spring and heterotrophy in summer, associated to the relatively rapid flushing time of the water mass in the area (∼ 70 days), might allow the export of a fraction of the springtime synthesized organic matter to the adjacent areas of the North Sea. The SBNS was on a yearly basis a sink of atmospheric CO2 at a rate of − 0.7 mol C m− 2 yr− 1.