Input design for active fault diagnosis

Reliably diagnosing faults and malfunctions has become increasingly challenging in modern technical systems because of their growing complexity as well as increasingly stringent requirements on safety, availability, and high-performance operation. Traditional methods for fault detection and diagnosis rely on nominal input-output data, which can contain insufficient information to support reliable conclusions. Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in active fault diagnosis, which addresses this issue by injecting input signals specifically designed to reveal the fault status of the system. This paper provides an overview of state-of-the-art methods for input design for active fault diagnosis and discusses the primary considerations in the formulation and solution of the input-design problem. We also discuss the primary challenges and suggest avenues for future research in this rapidly evolving field.