Intra-specific phenotypic variations in Lantana camara leaves affect host selection by the gall maker Aceria lantanae

Leaf galls induced by Aceria lantanae occur in distinct populations of Lantana camara, exclusively on individuals with red flowers. Anatomical, histochemical and phytochemical analyses of leaves were performed to determine characteristics related to host selection among individuals with red (RF), pink (PF) and white flowers (WF). The host plants (RF) presented amphistomatic leaves, higher stomatal index value, and non-glandular trichomes significantly longer and less dense when compared to non host plants. Morphological features of RF indicated a more propitious micro-habitat for A. lantanae, with physical protection against its natural enemies. The monoterpenes limonene and eucalyptol, and the sesquiterpene α-caryophyllene were detected only in non host plants. These differences in volatiles composition might be related to the selection of RF as host plants, and chemical repellence in PF and WF. Our analysis revealed intra-specific morphological and chemical variations possibly related to host selection by A. lantanae.