Development of multifunctional, heterodimeric isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives as cholinesterase and β-amyloid aggregation inhibitors with neuroprotective properties

• Novel heterodimeric isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives were designed and synthesized.
• Compound 15b is the selective and potent EeAChE inhibitor (IC50 = 34 nM).
• 13b and 14c are strong Aβ aggregation inhibitors and possess a neuroprotective effect.
• The kinetic study revealed prevailing interactions of compound 15b with the PAS.

The presented study describes the synthesis, pharmacological evaluation (AChE and BuChE inhibition, beta amyloid anti-aggregation effect and neuroprotective effect), molecular modeling and crystallographic studies of a novel series of isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives. The target compounds were designed as dual binding site acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with an arylalkylamine moiety binding at the catalytic site of the enzyme and connected via an alkyl chain to a heterocyclic fragment, capable of binding at the peripheral anionic site of AChE. Among these molecules, compound 15b was found to be the most potent and selective AChE inhibitor (IC50EeAChE = 0.034 μM). Moreover, compound 13b in addition to AChE inhibition (IC50 EeAChE = 0.219 μM) possesses additional properties, such as the ability to inhibit Aβ aggregation (65.96% at 10 μM) and a neuroprotective effect against Aβ toxicity at 1 and 3 μM. Compound 13b emerges as a promising multi-target ligand for the further development of the therapy for age-related neurodegenerative disorders.

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