Potent, orally available, selective COX-2 inhibitors based on 2-imidazoline core

• Non-flat imidazolines were explored as selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors.
• The compounds are novel as they are built around a polar non-lipophilic core.
• The potency of the best compound is comparable to that of celecoxib.
• The new lead series has a good oral bioavailability and efficacy in animal models.

A novel series of compounds containing a polar, non-flat 2-imidazoline core was designed based on the SAR information available for aromatic azole cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. While the majority of the compounds prepared using an earlier developed imidazoline N-arylation methodology turned out to be inferior to the known COX-2 inhibitors, one lead compound displayed potency (300 nM) comparable to clinically used Celecoxib and was shown to be more selective. The series represents the first example of selective COX-2 inhibitors built around a distinctly polar core, contradicting an earlier accepted view that a lipophilic scaffold is required for high inhibitor potency. The lead compound demonstrated very good oral bioavailability in mice, slow metabolic degradation, modest distribution into the brain and a remarkable anti-inflammatory efficacy in carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema model. A foundation has therefore been laid for a chemically novel series of COX-2 inhibitors that has a potential for diverse therapeutic applications in inflammatory disease area.

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