Synthesis and biological assessment of novel 2-thiazolylhydrazones and computational analysis of their recognition by monoamine oxidase B

Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) is a promising target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. We report the synthesis and the biological evaluation of halogenated derivatives of 1-aryliden-2-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)hydrazines. The fluorinated series shows interesting activity and great selectivity toward the human recombinant MAO-B isoform expressed in baculovirus infected BTI insect cells. The multiple crystal structures alignment of the enzyme highlighted pronounced induced fit (IF) adaptations with respect to bound ligands. Therefore, IF docking (IFD) experiments and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were carried out to reveal the putative binding mode and to explain the experimentally observed differences in the activity of 1-(aryliden-2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)hydrazines. The importance of water molecules within the binding site was also investigated. These are known to play an important role in the binding site cavity and to mediate protein–ligand interactions. Detailed analyses of the trajectories provide insights on the chemical features required for the activity of this scaffold. In particular it was highlighted the importance of fluorine atom interacting with the water close to the cofactor and the influence of steric bulkiness of substituents in the arylidene moiety. Free energy perturbation (FEP) analysis confirmed experimental data. The information we deduced will help to develop novel high-affinity MAO-B inhibitors.

A series of novel 2-thiazolylhydrazones derivatives were synthesized. Some compounds showed interesting activity and selectivity toward MAO-B isoform. Induced fit docking, molecular dynamics simulations and FEP analysis were applied in order to gain insight about SAR. Figure optionsDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights
► MAO-B is a promising target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
► A novel series of 2-thiazolylhydrazone derivatives was synthesized.
► Structural analysis of the enzyme was carried out.
► Induced fit docking and MD simulations suggested the putative binding modes.
► Free energy perturbation analysis confirmed experimental data.