Sol–gel auto combustion synthesis of BaFe12O19 nanoceramics by using carbohydrate sugars as a novel reducing agent

• We report for the first time the synthesis of barium hexaferrite from various sugars.
• Various analysis results show that BaFe12O19 nanoparticles synthesized successfully.
• The results of XRD pattern proved that synthesized product without sugar has got impurities.
• We find out that carbohydrate sugars can be operated instead of common capping agent.
• The effect of different sugars on the morphology and particle size of the product has been investigated.

In this paper, barium hexaferrite nanostructures have been successfully synthesized via sol–gel auto combustion method based on the reaction between Ba(NO3)2 and Fe(NO3)3·9H2O in water, in the presence of carbohydrate sugar as fuel, reducing and capping agent. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis. To investigate the effects of calcination temperature, the Ba2+ molar ratio to Fe3+ and the type of sugar on the morphology of products and finding optimal condition, several experiments were carried out. It was found that the phase and morphology of products could be influenced by these parameters. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was used to study the magnetic properties of BaFe12O19 samples. The uniform nanoparticles are produced when the maltose is used as the reduction and the molar ratio of Fe3+ to Ba2+ reaches 12. The resulted product has the properties of the hard magnetic material, so, it has got the specific saturation magnetization and coercivity 48 emu/g and 5000 Oe, respectively.

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